In order to understand the muscle nutrient components and corresponding differences in released and cultured population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, this study performed comprehensive determination analysis for the nutrient components including amino acids, fatty acids, mineral elements, etc of released and cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis by biochemical assay methods. The results showed that the conventional biochemical components of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash content in released and cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis presented no significant differences (P＞0.05). As regards amino acid composition, 17 kinds of main amino acids were detected in both released and cultured population, among which the glycine and alanine contents of cultured population were significantly higher than released population (P＜0.05) and the proline content of released population was significantly higher than cultured population (P＜0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, 32 kinds of fatty acids were detected in released population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, while only 31 kinds of fatty acids were detected in cultured population with no detection of tridecylic acid (C13∶0). Three saturated fatty acid contents (C14:0, C15∶0 and C17∶0) and two unsaturated fatty acid contents (C18∶3n-3 and C20∶3n-6) in cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis were significantly higher than released population (P＜0.05). The highly unsaturated fatty acid contents including C17∶0, C16∶1, C17∶1, C18∶2n-6, C20∶4n-6, C20∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-3 4 in released population were significantly higher than those in cultured population (P＜0.05). With respect to mineral element composition, there are significant differences for 4 kinds of mineral elements (Na, Ca, Cu and Zn) in cultured and released Fenneropenaeus chinensis (P＜0.05) with the trend that mineral element contents in released population were higher than cultured population. The results indicated that the muscle nutrient components in cultured and released Fenneropenaeus chinensis presented some degree of differences due to the differences of growth environment, bait source and species, etc. [Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards, 2021, 11(5):17-24]